AP® Environmental Science

Introduction The tragedy of the commons is a central concept in AP® Environmental Science that addresses how shared resources may be overused when everyone acts in

Introduction El Niño and La Niña events have a major influence on weather patterns around the world. These complex phenomena involve shifts in ocean surface

Introduction Geography plays a vital role in shaping the climate experienced around the world. Climate encompasses long‑term patterns of temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions.

Introduction Solar radiation drives many fundamental processes on Earth, influencing climate, weather, and life itself. It is also a core topic in AP® Environmental Science. The following

Introduction to Watersheds A watershed is an area of land in which all water drains to a common point, such as a river, lake, or

Introduction Global wind patterns profoundly influence weather, climate, and various ecological processes. They arise from the uneven heating of Earth’s surface, the planet’s rotation, and

Introduction Earth’s atmosphere plays a pivotal role in supporting life on our planet. It shields organisms from harmful solar radiation, stabilizes climate, and circulates essential

Introduction Soil is a living, dynamic system formed by the interaction of geology, climate, and organisms over long periods. Because soil underpins plant growth, water

Introduction Soil is a fundamental component of life on Earth, providing plants with vital nutrients, influencing water quality, and supporting diverse ecosystems. It acts as