Introduction Species diversity remains a vital topic in AP® Environmental Science. Diverse organisms fill ecological roles that contribute to ecosystem stability and services. Among these organisms,
Introduction to Ecological Succession Ecological succession refers to the predictable series of changes in species composition in a given area over time. Organisms transform their
Introduction Environmental adaptation refers to the various ways organisms modify their traits over time to handle challenges in their surroundings. Although adaptation can occur quickly
Introduction Ecosystems are intricate networks of living organisms and their physical surroundings. They include everything from dense rainforests to shallow coral reefs, and their delicate
Ecological Tolerance: Why It Matters in AP® Environmental Science Introduction Ecological tolerance refers to the range of environmental conditions that organisms can endure without experiencing harm
Island Biogeography: Understanding Life on Remote Landforms Introduction Island biogeography focuses on how organisms interact and distribute themselves on islands of various sizes and distances
Introduction Ecosystem services are benefits people gain from natural environments, including forests, wetlands, oceans, and grasslands. These services are vital for survival because they ensure
Introduction to Biodiversity Biodiversity is a cornerstone of environmental stability. It represents the variety of life found within different ecosystems. Examining ecosystem biodiversity carefully helps
Understanding Food Chains and Food Webs Food chains and food webs represent essential models in ecology because they clarify how energy and nutrients move through